Secondary Cycle 1 – Y2 (Grade 8) – PRIMARY SOURCES DATABASE

Manifesto of the Communist Party

June 12, 2025

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The Communist Manifesto (1848), written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, is a political pamphlet calling for the unification of the working class to overthrow capitalist societies and establish a classless, communist system. ...

Pensées de Blaise Pascal.

June 12, 2025

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This is a medieval sacramentary manuscript from the Reichenau monastery, crafted for liturgical use in the Trier region. ...

Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses

June 12, 2025

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Written by Dr. Martin Luther in 1517. ...

Discours de la methode pour bien conduire sa raison, & chercher la verité dans les sciences. Plus La dioptriqve. Les meteores. Et La geometrie. Qui sont des essais de cete methode. (Descartes – Discourse on the Method)

June 12, 2025

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Michel de Montaigne (On the Cannibals)

June 12, 2025

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"On the Cannibals" by Michel de Montaigne in 1508, translated by Ian Johnston in 2017. ...

Pico de la Mirandola (Oration on the Dignity of Man)

June 12, 2025

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The Oration on the Dignity of Man (1486) by Giovanni Pico della Mirandola is a foundational text of Renaissance humanism. ...

Institutio Christianae religionis Christianae religionis institutio : totam ferè pietatis summã & quicquid est in doctrina salutis cognitu necessarium complectens : omnibus pietatis studiosis lectu dignissimum opus, ac recens editum Praefatio ad Christianissimum regem franciae, qua hic ei liber pro confessione fidei offertur … (Calvin Institutes of the Christian Religion)

June 12, 2025

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A book written in Latin by Jean Calvin (1509-1564) ...

Moriae encomium (The Praise of Folly)

June 12, 2025

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A book written by Desiderius Erasmus in Latin and translated into English by John Wilson. ...

On Commerce & the Perfect Merchant

April 22, 2025

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Della mercatura e del mercante perfetto - On Commerce and the Perfect Merchant (by Benedetto Cotrugli). Text sample from first page: TO THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND MAGNANIMOUS M. GIACOMO RAGAZZONIIt has now been more than 110 years since M. Bened...

Bill of Exchange from Bruges

April 22, 2025

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Bill of Exchange from Bruges on 23 September 1438. ...